<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><rss xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" version="2.0" xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd" xmlns:googleplay="http://www.google.com/schemas/play-podcasts/1.0"><channel><title><![CDATA[Natto Thoughts: Disinformation Handbook]]></title><description><![CDATA[A concise overview of the disinformation topic in one place, with how-to tips on protecting oneself from being deceived.]]></description><link>https://www.nattothoughts.com/s/disinformation-handbook</link><image><url>https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!t3eQ!,w_256,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd0e4005-414e-4e49-9a9a-3b89d3e533f5_629x629.png</url><title>Natto Thoughts: Disinformation Handbook</title><link>https://www.nattothoughts.com/s/disinformation-handbook</link></image><generator>Substack</generator><lastBuildDate>Wed, 27 May 2026 12:36:43 GMT</lastBuildDate><atom:link href="https://www.nattothoughts.com/feed" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><copyright><![CDATA[Natto Thoughts]]></copyright><language><![CDATA[en]]></language><webMaster><![CDATA[nattothoughts@substack.com]]></webMaster><itunes:owner><itunes:email><![CDATA[nattothoughts@substack.com]]></itunes:email><itunes:name><![CDATA[Natto Team]]></itunes:name></itunes:owner><itunes:author><![CDATA[Natto Team]]></itunes:author><googleplay:owner><![CDATA[nattothoughts@substack.com]]></googleplay:owner><googleplay:email><![CDATA[nattothoughts@substack.com]]></googleplay:email><googleplay:author><![CDATA[Natto Team]]></googleplay:author><itunes:block><![CDATA[Yes]]></itunes:block><item><title><![CDATA[Disinformation Handbook: A Concise Guide to Countering Disinformation (3)]]></title><description><![CDATA[Part Three: Further reading on disinformation and how to protect yourselves and others]]></description><link>https://www.nattothoughts.com/p/disinformation-handbook-a-concise-0ff</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.nattothoughts.com/p/disinformation-handbook-a-concise-0ff</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Natto Team]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 14 Dec 2023 22:14:09 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HzRb!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f79652f-b494-4406-b7f6-c3eb0f4fcf07_695x930.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HzRb!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f79652f-b494-4406-b7f6-c3eb0f4fcf07_695x930.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HzRb!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f79652f-b494-4406-b7f6-c3eb0f4fcf07_695x930.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HzRb!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f79652f-b494-4406-b7f6-c3eb0f4fcf07_695x930.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HzRb!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f79652f-b494-4406-b7f6-c3eb0f4fcf07_695x930.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HzRb!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f79652f-b494-4406-b7f6-c3eb0f4fcf07_695x930.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HzRb!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f79652f-b494-4406-b7f6-c3eb0f4fcf07_695x930.png" width="695" height="930" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/1f79652f-b494-4406-b7f6-c3eb0f4fcf07_695x930.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:930,&quot;width&quot;:695,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:675444,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" title="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HzRb!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f79652f-b494-4406-b7f6-c3eb0f4fcf07_695x930.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HzRb!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f79652f-b494-4406-b7f6-c3eb0f4fcf07_695x930.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HzRb!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f79652f-b494-4406-b7f6-c3eb0f4fcf07_695x930.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HzRb!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f79652f-b494-4406-b7f6-c3eb0f4fcf07_695x930.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>As the Natto Team <a href="https://nattothoughts.substack.com/p/disinformation-handbook-a-concise">discussed previously</a>, disinformation &#8211; the deliberate spread of false or misleading information &#8211; can do grave political, social and psychological harm to those whom it mischaracterizes and to those who are misled by it.&nbsp;</p><ul><li><p><a href="https://nattothoughts.substack.com/p/disinformation-handbook-a-concise">Part 1</a> provided some concepts associated with disinformation as well as tactics that information operations use.</p></li><li><p>Part 2 suggested ways you can detect disinformation and avoid being harmed or manipulated by it. It lists organizations and people who work to detect and counter disinformation and the techniques they use, including developments related to artificial intelligence.&nbsp;</p></li><li><p>Part 3, the present section, provides links to handbooks on disinformation and how to counter it, as well as the Natto Team&#8217;s own postings.</p></li></ul><h1>Natto Thoughts Reporting on Disinformation</h1><ul><li><p>&#8220;<a href="https://nattothoughts.substack.com/p/putin-the-spy-as-hero">Putin: The Spy As Hero</a>&#8221; discusses Russian President Vladimir Putin&#8217;s emulation of a fictional Soviet spy hero named Stierlitz. &#8220;Like Stierlitz, he has no compunctions<a href="https://carnegieendowment.org/2023/01/04/no-water-s-edge-russia-s-information-war-and-regime-security-pub-88644"> lying to all sides</a>, because a war &#8230;</p></li></ul>
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   ]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Disinformation Handbook: A Concise Guide to Countering Disinformation (2)]]></title><description><![CDATA[Part Two: Tips for protecting yourselves and others, plus an introduction to some disinformation researchers]]></description><link>https://www.nattothoughts.com/p/disinformation-handbook-a-concise-732</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.nattothoughts.com/p/disinformation-handbook-a-concise-732</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Natto Team]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 07 Dec 2023 22:36:32 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HzRb!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f79652f-b494-4406-b7f6-c3eb0f4fcf07_695x930.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HzRb!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f79652f-b494-4406-b7f6-c3eb0f4fcf07_695x930.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HzRb!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f79652f-b494-4406-b7f6-c3eb0f4fcf07_695x930.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HzRb!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f79652f-b494-4406-b7f6-c3eb0f4fcf07_695x930.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HzRb!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f79652f-b494-4406-b7f6-c3eb0f4fcf07_695x930.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HzRb!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f79652f-b494-4406-b7f6-c3eb0f4fcf07_695x930.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HzRb!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f79652f-b494-4406-b7f6-c3eb0f4fcf07_695x930.png" width="695" height="930" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/1f79652f-b494-4406-b7f6-c3eb0f4fcf07_695x930.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:930,&quot;width&quot;:695,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:675444,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" title="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HzRb!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f79652f-b494-4406-b7f6-c3eb0f4fcf07_695x930.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HzRb!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f79652f-b494-4406-b7f6-c3eb0f4fcf07_695x930.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HzRb!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f79652f-b494-4406-b7f6-c3eb0f4fcf07_695x930.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HzRb!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f79652f-b494-4406-b7f6-c3eb0f4fcf07_695x930.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>As the Natto Team <a href="https://nattothoughts.substack.com/p/disinformation-handbook-a-concise">discussed previously</a>, disinformation &#8211; the deliberate spread of false or misleading information &#8211; can do grave political, social and psychological harm to those whom it mischaracterizes and to those who are misled by it.&nbsp;</p><ul><li><p><a href="https://nattothoughts.substack.com/p/disinformation-handbook-a-concise">Part 1 </a>provided some concepts associated with disinformation as well as tactics that information operations use.</p></li><li><p>Part 2, the present section, suggests ways you can detect disinformation and avoid being harmed or manipulated by it. It lists organizations and people who work to detect and counter disinformation and the techniques they use, including developments related to artificial intelligence.&nbsp;</p></li><li><p><a href="https://nattothoughts.substack.com/p/disinformation-handbook-a-concise-0ff">Part 3</a> provides links to handbooks on disinformation and how to counter it, as well as to the Natto Team&#8217;s own postings.</p></li></ul><h2>Introduction: Topsy-Turvy World&nbsp;</h2><p>If you saw the movie &#8220;Oppenheimer,&#8221; you might remember this scene near the beginning: as a student in the 1920s, young Oppenheimer &#8220;reads T.S. Eliot&#8217;s &#8216;The Waste Land&#8217;, drops a needle on Stravinsky&#8217;s &#8216;The Rite &#8230;</p>
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   ]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Disinformation Handbook: A Concise Guide to Countering Disinformation (1)]]></title><description><![CDATA[Part One: Concepts and disinformation tactics]]></description><link>https://www.nattothoughts.com/p/disinformation-handbook-a-concise</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.nattothoughts.com/p/disinformation-handbook-a-concise</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Natto Team]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 30 Nov 2023 22:00:22 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HzRb!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f79652f-b494-4406-b7f6-c3eb0f4fcf07_695x930.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HzRb!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f79652f-b494-4406-b7f6-c3eb0f4fcf07_695x930.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HzRb!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f79652f-b494-4406-b7f6-c3eb0f4fcf07_695x930.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HzRb!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f79652f-b494-4406-b7f6-c3eb0f4fcf07_695x930.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HzRb!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f79652f-b494-4406-b7f6-c3eb0f4fcf07_695x930.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HzRb!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f79652f-b494-4406-b7f6-c3eb0f4fcf07_695x930.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HzRb!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f79652f-b494-4406-b7f6-c3eb0f4fcf07_695x930.png" width="695" height="930" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/1f79652f-b494-4406-b7f6-c3eb0f4fcf07_695x930.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:930,&quot;width&quot;:695,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:675444,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HzRb!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f79652f-b494-4406-b7f6-c3eb0f4fcf07_695x930.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HzRb!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f79652f-b494-4406-b7f6-c3eb0f4fcf07_695x930.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HzRb!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f79652f-b494-4406-b7f6-c3eb0f4fcf07_695x930.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HzRb!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f79652f-b494-4406-b7f6-c3eb0f4fcf07_695x930.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Introduction</p><p><strong>We frequently hear about disinformation, misinformation, and &#8220;fake news,&#8221; but sometimes these concepts and terms are muddled. Natto Thoughts readers might find it useful to have a concise overview of the disinformation topic in one place, with how-to tips on protecting oneself from being deceived.</strong></p><p><strong>The present report is Part One of our disinformation handbook. It provides some concepts associated with disinformation as well as tactics that information operations use. <a href="https://nattothoughts.substack.com/p/disinformation-handbook-a-concise-732">Part Two</a> suggests ways you can detect disinformation and avoid being harmed or manipulated by it. It lists organizations and people who work to detect and counter disinformation and the techniques they use, including developments related to artificial intelligence.&nbsp;<a href="https://nattothoughts.substack.com/p/disinformation-handbook-a-concise-0ff">Part 3</a> provides links to handbooks on disinformation and how to counter it, as well as to the Natto Team&#8217;s own postings.</strong></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.nattothoughts.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading Natto Thoughts! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support the Natto Team&#8217;s work.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><h1>The work of corrosion</h1><p>Y&#8230;</p>
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